The Pacific North West Tree Octopus website is a hoax website. It is written as an authoritative source, yet its premise (that there is a type of octopus that lives in trees) is fanciful; it is a resource designed to teach children critical evaluation of digital resources.
In a study with year 7 students, the vast majority of students reported that this website was a reliable resource, highlighting the need for the explicit teaching of critical literacy skills in the digital domain. Researchers argue that reading on the Internet is different to reading print as it involves a different set of evaluative skills, and that the interactive and visually stimulating nature of websites can overwhelm the critical eye of an untrained student.
In order to evaluate websites, it is suggested that students ask a number of critical questions:
- How was this text constructed?
- What are it’s underlying values?
- What conventions does it use?
- Who is the intended audience
- Who owns the website and who benefits from it?
Teachers need to teach that not everything on the Internet is true. In the US, teachers are not currently getting the training they need to teach children how to use the Internet effectively, resources are instead going in to targeted teaching of specific applications (eg. Powerpoint).
Approaches to digital literacy vary around the world. In the US there are currently no assessments which test children on their Internet reading and writing skills, whereas iIn Finland, teachers get 5 paid weeks off for teacher training and integration of ICT into the curriculum. England does assess ICT skills: student ability to present and communicate information.